Why Is Microbiology Important In Dentistry?
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.
It is essential to be knowledgeable about microbiology in dentistry whether you are a dental student or a fully qualified dentist.
Firstly, all dental diseases are caused by microorganisms. The most common disease in the world is gum disease and this is caused by microorganisms. Gum disease is caused by not just one particular bacteria but a cocktail of bacteria which work together in unison to cause the disease.
The next most common disease is dental decay or Dental caries.
This is caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus Mutans. Streptococcus Mutans forms a mesh in the mouth which attaches onto a tooth surface. When you have sugar in your diet or drink, bacterial plaque will feed on the sugar and produce acid as a result. This acid is produced by streptococcus mutans which attacks the tooth surface to weaken it. A surface of a tooth is covered with the mineral material called enamel. Acid attacks this mineral, and undergoes a process called demineralisation. De-Mineralization causes softening of the tooth enamel. A Cavity develops.
Gum disease is caused be oral bacteria. These produce toxins which set up an
inflammatory response. The inflammatory response weakens the gum and loss of your teeth ensues over time.
Other conditions in the mouth where bacteria are implicated include wisdom teeth infections and root canal infections.
Another important aspect of microbiology in dentistry is in the cross infection
techniques used. Cross-infection is to protect the patient, the dentist and the staff.
Cross infection is carried out by physical means such as gloves and masks but also with chemical means such as using alcohol or other chemical disinfectants.
Microbiology is therefore a central core subject in dentistry.